Coordinating Center: Institute of Primary Health Care Bern and Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland. Nicolas Rodondi, MD, MAS (CHAIR).

Bari Study: Cardiology Unit, Emergency and Organ Transplantation Department, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. Massimo Iacoviello, MD, PhD.

BELFRAIL (BFC80+): Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Bert Vaes, MD, PhD.

Birmingham Study: School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Kristien Boelaert, MD, PhD, MRCP.

Busselton Health Study: Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia. John P. Walsh, MBBS, FRACP, PhD

Cardiovascular Health Study: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM.

EPIC-Norfolk Study: Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Nick Wareham, MBBS, MSc, PhD.

Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC): Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States. Douglas C. Bauer, MD.

Health in Men Study (HIMS): Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Bu Beng Yeap, MBBS, FRACP, PhD.

HUNT Study: Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Bjørn O. Åsvold, MD, PhD.

InChianti Cohort: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Geriatric Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. Ferrucci Luigi, MD, PhD Graziano Ceresini, MD, PhD.

Japanese-Brazilian Thyroid Study: Division of Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil. José A. Sgarbi, MD, PhD.

The Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD): Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Ki-Woong Kim, MD, PhD.

Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA): Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea. Jae Hoon Moon, MD, PhD.

Leiden 85+ Study: Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Jacobijn Gussekloo, MD, MPH; Stella Trumpet, PhD.

MrOs: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States, Douglas C. Bauer, MD.

Nagasaki Adult Health Study: Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan. Misa Imaizumi, MD, PhD.

Nijmegen Biomedical Study (NBS): Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Marco Medici, MD, PhD.

Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study (OPUS): Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Richard Eastell, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, FMedSci. Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom. Graham Williams, PhD, FRCP, FRCPE.

Pisa Cohort: National Council Research Institute of Clinical Physiology/Tuscany Region G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy. Alessandro Pingitore, MD.

PREVEND Study: Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Robin P.F. Dullaart, MD, PhD.

PROSPER Study: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, and Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands. J. Wouter Jukeam, MD, PhD, FESC, FACC.

Rotterdam Study: Department of Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Robin Peeters, MD, PhD.

Sheffield Study: Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. Richhard Eastell, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, FMedSci.

Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Henry Völzke, MD, PhD.

Whickham Survey: Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Gateshead, England. Salman Razvi, FRCP, MD

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. Anna Köttgen, MD, PhD, Prof.

Diabetes study: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain. Sergio Valdés, MD.

Tehran Study: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereidoun Azizi, MD, Prof.

Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Isabela M. Bensenor, MD, PhD.

Participating Studies

Thyroid Studies Collaboration: adapted from N. Rodondi et al., JAMA 2010; Circulation 2012 & JAMA Intern Med 2012; JAMA 2015

TSC participant studies map